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After complete dissolution of the surface oxides into the glass, further progress of interaction depends on the oxygen activity at the interface. The acid-base reactions are main causes of interaction between glass-metal in the presence of metal oxides on the surface of metal.
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Glass and metal can bond together by purely mechanical means, which usually gives weaker joints, or by chemical interaction, where the oxide layer on the metal surface forms a strong bond with the glass. On the other hand, if the CTE of the glass is larger than the CTE of the metal wire, the seal will tighten upon cooling since compression force is applied on the glass.
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By lowering the temperature, the metal wire shrinks more than the glass does, leading to a strong tensile force on the glass, which finally lead to breakage. For the case that the CTE of the metal is larger than the CTE of the glass, the sealing shows a high probability to break upon cooling.
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Thinking for example about a metal wire in a glass bulb sealing, the metal glass contact can break if the CTEs (coefficient of thermal expansion) are not well aligned. The thermal expansion of the glass and metal must be closely matched so that the seal remains solid as the assembly cools.The molten glass must be capable of wetting the metal, in order to form a tight bond, and.To achieve such a seal, two properties must hold: Properly done, such a seal is hermetic (vacuum tight, good electrical insulation, special optical properties e.g.
#How to install glass pack without welding windows#
Glass-to-metal seals are a very important element of the construction of vacuum tubes, electric discharge tubes, incandescent light bulbs, glass encapsulated semiconductor diodes, reed switches, pressure tight glass windows in metal cases, and metal or ceramic packages of electronic components. Good luck.Uranium glass used as lead-in seals in a vacuum capacitor If you still think your car is too loud with one glass pack, install a second. That way you can replace it easily when it burns out (which will probably be in 15-30k miles, not at all as soon as some of the previous posts imply). If i were you I would get 1 glasspack, 17-22" in length, and install it in the tunnel as far forward as possible. Some people are just too picky about what sounds like "rice". No matter what you do it will not sound like a V8, it will sound like a 4-cylinder. Sounds very much like a toned down 4-cylinder race car (if you leave the glasspack off it is very harsh, almost identical to a 4-cyl racer). very deep sounding, and snaps into a wicked snarl when you hit the gas. Outside the car it is quite loud, on the verge of annoying the sound police, but not at all ricey. Not a whole lot louder than stock inside the car cruising, and i can still hear my intake over my exhaust. Sounds very nice, IMO, and I get a lot of compliments on it (not from ricers either, diehard V8 owners). I have a header, stock cat, 17" body spiral-louvered glasspack, and straight pipe back to the SRT-4 rear section, in that order. I always thought resonator = expensive glasspack from the factory.